Pipe flanges are mechanical connectors used to join pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment in a piping system. What they do- Connect two pipe sections- Allow easy assembly/disassembly- Help with maintenance and inspection- Seal the joint using a gasket and bolts Common parts- Flange face: the surface that contacts the gasket- Bolt holes: for tightening the connection- Gasket: creates the seal- Bolts/nuts: clamp the flanges together Common types of pipe flanges- Weld neck flange – strong, used for high pressure/temperature- Slip-on flange – easy to install, lower cost- Blind flange – closes off the end of a pipe- Socket weld flange – used for small-diameter, high-pressure lines- Threaded flange – screws onto threaded pipe- Lap joint flange – used where frequent dismantling is needed- Orifice flange – used with flow measurement devices StandardsPipe flanges are commonly made to standards such as:- ASME/ANSI (common in the U.S.)- DIN- EN- JIS Pressure ratingsFlanges are rated by pressure class, such as:- 150- 300- 400- 600- 900- 1500- 2500 Materials- Carbon steel- Stainless steel- Alloy steel- Cast iron- Plastic (for some low-pressure systems)If you want, I can also give you:1. a diagram of a pipe flange connection, 2. a comparison of flange types, or 3. how to select the right flange for a piping system.